´¡±·Åª&³§³¦²¹°ù´Ç²Ô;·¡¸é³ÕÄ€±· B. MANŪČEHR B. QÄ€BŪS, ruler of the DaylamÄ« dynasty of the Ziyarids in ṬabarestÄn and GorgÄn during the early 5th/11th century. He was the grandson of the celebrated amir and prose stylist, Šams-al-MaÊ¿ÄlÄ« QÄbÅ«s b. VošmgÄ«r, and his father, ManÅ«Äehr, was the son-in-law of MaḥmÅ«d of Ḡazna. Toward the end of ManÅ«Äehr’s reign, the Ziyarid emirate was drawn into the Ghaznavid orbit with the 420/1029 takeover of Ray and JebÄl from the Buyid MaÇ°d-al-dawla Rostam and from various local Kurdish and DaylamÄ« powers. ManÅ«Äehr died in 420/1029 or 421/1030, and MaḥmÅ«d then confirmed the youthful AnÅ«šervÄn in his territories in return for tribute, though he had some doubts, according to BayhaqÄ«, about his capacity for strong rule in a region increasingly under pressure from Turkmen attacks from the direction of the DehestÄn steppes. Shortly afterward, according to BayhaqÄ«, there was an internal upheaval in the Ziyarid emirate; AnÅ«šervÄn was effectively set aside by his father’s uncle BÅ«Âṟ KÄlÄ«Ç°Är but possibly retained the throne as nominal ruler. AnÅ«šervÄn held on for several years, and Ebn al-Aṯīr records that in 433/1041-42 the Saljuq Toḡrel Beg took over ṬabarestÄn and GorgÄn; he apparently left AnÅ«šervÄn as nominal ruler there, BÅ« KÄlÄ«Ç°Är having dropped out of mention. AnÅ«šervÄn’s death is variously placed in 435/1043-44 (YÄqÅ«t, °¿»å²¹²úÄåʾ VI, p. 145) and in 441/1049-50 (Ebn EsfandÄ«Är, abridged tr. E. G. Browne, Leiden, 1905, pp. 235-36). The latter says that his cousin Kay KÄʾūs b. Eskandar, author of the ²ÏÄå²úÅ«²õ-²ÔÄå³¾²¹, succeeded him in the mountainous inland regions. No coins of AnÅ«šervÄn are known.
Bibliography:
See also Bayhaqī, index.
Ebn al-Aṯīr, IX, pp. 262, 284, 340.
C. Huart, “Les Ziyarides,” Mémoires de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres 42, 1922, pp. 357-436.
C. E. Bosworth, “On the Chronology of the ZiyÄrids in GurgÄn and ṬabaristÄn,” Der Islam 40, 1964, pp. 25-34.
Idem, The Islamic Dynasties, Edinburgh, 1967, pp. 92-93.
Zimbaur, pp. 210-11.
(C. E. Bosworth)
Originally Published: December 15, 1986
Last Updated: August 5, 2011
This article is available in print.
Vol. II, Fasc. 2, pp. 139-140
